UPSC Civil Services Examination me Political Science and International Relations (PSIR) hamesha se ek high-yield optional subject raha hai. Iska direct overlap General Studies Paper 2 (Polity, Governance, Social Justice, International Relations), GS Paper 4 (Ethics, Thinkers & Applied Philosophy), aur Essay Paper ke sath hota hai.

Lekin PSIR ka syllabus vast aur deeply conceptual hai. Yahan superficial reading se marks score nahi hote. Aapko abstract political philosophy (Plato, Machiavelli, Gramsci) se lekar dynamic dynamic geopolitics (Indo-Pacific strategies, Minilateralism, WTO deadlocks) ko seamlessly integrate karna hota hai.

+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                       PSIR SYLLABUS SYNERGY MATRIX                      |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                         |
|   +-----------------------+              +--------------------------+   |
|   |  PSIR Paper 1 Part A  |              |   PSIR Paper 1 Part B    |   |
|   | (Political Theory &   |              | (Indian Nationalism,     |   |
|   |  Western/Indian Think)|              |  Constitution & Politics)|   |
|   +-----------+-----------+              +------------+-------------+   |
|               |                                       |                 |
|               v                                       v                 |
|   +-----------------------+              +--------------------------+   |
|   |  GS Paper 4 (Ethics)  |              |   GS Paper 2 (Polity &   |   |
|   |  Thinkers & Morality  |              |   Constitutional Bodies) |   |
|   +-----------+-----------+              +------------+-------------+   |
|               |                                       |                 |
|               +-------------------+-------------------+                 |
|                                   |                                     |
|                                   v                                     |
|                       +-----------------------+                         |
|                       |      UPSC ESSAY       |                         |
|                       |  Philosophical Topics |                         |
|                       +-----------------------+                         |
|                                   ^                                     |
|                                   |                                     |
|               +-------------------+-------------------+                 |
|               |                                       |                 |
|   +-----------+-----------+              +------------+-------------+   |
|   |   GS Paper 2 (IR)     |              |   GS Paper 3 (Security)  |   |
|   |  Bilateral & Regional |              |  Border & Maritime State |   |
|   +-----------------------+              +--------------------------+   |
|               ^                                       ^                 |
|               |                                       |                 |
|   +-----------+-----------+              +------------+-------------+   |
|   |  PSIR Paper 2 Part A  |              |   PSIR Paper 2 Part B    |   |
|   | (Comparative Politics |              | (India & The World,      |   |
|   |   & Global Theories)  |              |   Foreign Policy Ties)   |   |
|   +-----------------------+              +--------------------------+   |
|                                                                         |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Is conceptual bridge ko master karne ke liye Delhi ke Mukherjee Nagar me Dr. Rajesh Mishra aur unka institute Saraswati IAS ek benchmark ban chuke hain. Chahe Hindi medium ke aspirants hon ya English medium ke students jo deep theoretical clarity chahte hain, Rajesh Mishra Sir ka structural pedagogical approach UPSC aspirants ke beech widely respected hai.

Explore The Educator’s Journey for more comprehensive pedagogical analyses and educator breakdowns across competitive civil services examinations.

Who is Dr. Rajesh Mishra? Profile & Core Competencies

Dr. Rajesh Mishra ek seasoned academician, author aur educator hain jinhone two decades se zyada time civil services aspirants ko mentor karne me spend kiya hai. Delhi University se apni academic foundation develop karne ke baad, inhone political theory, constitutional dynamics, aur contemporary diplomacy ko simplified frameworks me translate kiya.

+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
|               DR. RAJESH MISHRA : CORE PROFILE AT A GLANCE         |
+----------------------+---------------------------------------------+
| Parameter            | Details                                     |
+----------------------+---------------------------------------------+
| Full Name            | Dr. Rajesh Mishra                           |
| Mentoring Domain     | UPSC Civil Services Examination (CSE)       |
| Primary Subject      | PSIR (Optional), GS Paper 2 (Polity & IR)   |
| Institute / Platform | Saraswati IAS (Mukherjee Nagar, New Delhi)  |
| Educational Legacy   | Ph.D. / M.Phil (Delhi Academic Circle)      |
| Primary Medium       | Hindi & Bilingual (Hinglish)                |
| Experience           | 20+ Years in Classroom & Mentorship         |
| Core Publications    | Bhartiya Shashan Evam Rajniti, PSIR Comp.   |
| Pedagogy Style       | Structural Thinker-Mapping, Logic-Driven    |
+----------------------+---------------------------------------------+

Academic & Pedagogical Journey

Phase / Year	Milestone & Academic Contribution
Foundational Years	Advanced political theory aur research work Delhi University ke intellectual ecosystem me complete kiya.
Establishment of Saraswati IAS	Mukherjee Nagar me dedicated PSIR optional classroom platform start kiya jahan Hindi medium aspirants ko quality content deliver kiya gaya.
Literary Works	Saraswati Prakashan aur standard publications ke through Bhartiya Rajvyavastha aur Rajniti Vigyan par multi-volume books publish keen.
Digital Expansion	Hybrid learning, online recorded modules, and interactive answer writing platforms introduce kiye for pan-India aspirants.

The Saraswati IAS Pedagogy: Core Philosophy

Rajesh Mishra Sir ki teaching ideology is grounded on three core principles:

Theoretical De-abstraction (सिद्धांतों का सरलीकरण): Abstract political doctrines (jaise Rawls ka Theory of Justice ya Hegel ka Dialectics) ko plain, logical examples se explain karna.
Inter-Sectional Linkage (अंतर-विषयक जुड़ाव): Paper 1 Part A (Philosophers) ke arguments ko Paper 2 Part B (Foreign Policy) me leverage karna. For example, Kautilya ya Thucydides ke Realism ko modern India-China border disputes ke sath analyze karna.
Structured Answer Architecture: GS-type point format answers se hatkar core optional standard ke analytical, balanced paragraphs aur conceptual flow build karwana.

Complete PSIR Syllabus Mapping & Preparation Strategy

PSIR do papers me divided hota hai (250 Marks each, Total = 500 Marks). Rajesh Mishra Sir ka framework syllabus ko four analytical quadrants me decode karta hai:

                          PSIR 500-MARK MASTERY BLUEPRINT
                                         |
            +----------------------------+----------------------------+
            |                                                         |
     PAPER 1 (250 Marks)                                       PAPER 2 (250 Marks)
            |                                                         |
     +------+------+                                           +------+------+
     |             |                                           |             |
  SECTION A     SECTION B                                   SECTION A     SECTION B
(Pol. Theory  (Indian Gov                                (Comparative   (India & The
 & Thinkers)   & Politics)                                & Global IR)     World)

Paper 1: Section A – Political Theory & Thinkers (The Engine of PSIR)

Ye section pure paper ka base hai. Agar aapka Section A solid hai, to baaki teen sections me conceptual authority show karna aasan ho jata hai.

                        SECTION A: THE THINKER SPECTRUM
                                         |
     +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
     |                 |                 |                 |                 |
  Ancient           Western            Indian          Marxist &         Feminist &
 Classical         Liberalism         Thinkers        Structural        Contemporary
     |                 |                 |                 |                 |
• Plato           • John Locke      • Kautilya        • Karl Marx       • Simone de
• Aristotle       • J.S. Mill       • M.K. Gandhi     • Gramsci           Beauvoir
• Machiavelli     • John Rawls      • B.R. Ambedkar   • Habermas        • Hannah Arendt
• Hobbes          • Isaiah Berlin   • Sri Aurobindo   • Althusser       • Amartya Sen

Core Focus Areas:

Political Ideas: Justice, Equality, Rights, Liberty, Sovereignty, Democracy, and Power.
Western Thinkers: Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, Mill, Marx, Gramsci, Hannah Arendt, John Rawls.
Indian Political Thought: Kautilya, Gandhi, B.R. Ambedkar, M.N. Roy, Sri Aurobindo.
Political Ideologies: Liberalism, Socialism, Marxism, Fascism, Gandhism, Feminism.

Rajesh Mishra Sir’s Strategy for Section A:

Thinker vs. Thinker Comparative Tables: Sir recommend karte hain ki har thinker ka core thesis doosre contemporary ya opposing thinker ke context me study karein (e.g., Plato’s Idealism vs. Aristotle’s Realism; Locke’s Natural Rights vs. Bentham’s Utilitarian critique).
The “Quote-Context-Critique” Triad: Answer likhte waqt direct quote se shuru karein, uska contemporary context explain karein, aur scholarly counter-arguments (jaise feminist critique ya communitarian critique) ke sath finish karein.

Paper 1: Section B – Indian Government and Politics (IGP)

IGP section standard GS-2 Polity se deeply alag hota hai. GS-2 administrative aur constitutional aspects par focus karta hai, jabki PSIR Section B political sociodynamics, historical evolution, aur theoretical critique par based hota hai.

                           IGP DUAL-PERSPECTIVE FRAMEWORK
                                         |
            +----------------------------+----------------------------+
            |                                                         |
  CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS                               POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
  (Textual & Institutional)                               (Substantive Realities)
            |                                                         |
  • Basic Structure Doctrine                               • Caste Coalitions & Mobilization
  • Federalism Dynamics                                    • Religion, Secularism & Politics
  • Judicial Activism / PIL                                • Agrarian Class Structures
  • Election Commission Shifts                             • Regional Identity Movements
            |                                                         |
            +----------------------------+----------------------------+
                                         |
                                         v
                         SCHOLARLY CRITIQUE INTEGRATION
                      (Rajni Kothari, Atul Kohli, Pratap
                       Bhanu Mehta, Zoya Hasan, Upendra Baxi)

Key Themes to Master:

Indian National Movement, Perspectives on National Movement (Constitutionalist, Marxist, Subaltern).
Making of the Constitution, Preamble, Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles.
Federalism, Judicial Review, Parliamentary System, Party System.
Grassroots Democracy (Panchayati Raj), Caste, Communalism, Regionalism, and Social Movements.

How to Address Section B:

Integrate Scholars: Standard provisions ke bajaye scholarly interpretations quote karein jaise Rajni Kothari (Congress System), Atul Kohli (Crisis of Governability), Paul Brass, Granville Austin (Working a Democratic Constitution), and Christophe Jaffrelot (Silent Revolution).

Paper 2: Section A – Comparative Political Analysis & International Theories

Paper 2 pure world politics aur cross-national systems ka analytical overview leta hai.

                       PAPER 2 SECTION A: THEORETICAL LENSES
                                         |
     +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
     |                 |                 |                 |                 |
  Classical          Neo-              Neo-           Critical &        Constructivist
  Realism           Realism          Liberalism        Marxist             & Post-Mod
     |                 |                 |                 |                 |
 Morgenthau,       Waltz,          Keohane, Nye     Wallerstein's      Wendt (Identity
 Balance of       Offensive vs.    Complex          World Systems,     & Social
 Power, Security  Defensive        Interdependence, Dependency         Constructs)
 Dilemma          (Mearsheimer)    Institutions     Theory

Core Components:

Comparative Politics: Nature, methods, structural-functional approach, political economy.
State in Global Perspective: Post-colonial states, capitalist states, advanced industrial states.
International Relations Theories: Realism, Liberalism, Constructivism, Marxism, Critical Theory, Feminist IR.
Concepts: Balance of Power, Collective Security, Deterrence, Transnational Actors, Globalization, Global Governance institutions (UN, IMF, WTO, World Bank).

Strategy Blueprint:

Jab bhi dynamic global issues par question aaye (jaise Ukraine conflict, US-China competition, Global South assertions), start with an IR Theory. Realist lens kya kehti hai? Constructivist lens kya analyze karti hai? Ye framing high marks fetch karti hai.

Paper 2: Section B – India and the World (India’s Foreign Policy)

Ye PSIR ka sabse dynamic aur current-affairs driven component hai.

                         INDIA'S FOREIGN POLICY DIMENSIONS
                                         |
     +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
     |                 |                 |                 |                 |
  Historical         Regional          Major Power        Global South      Multilateral
 Evolution           Neighborhood       Equations         & Multipolar       Institutions
     |                 |                 |                 |                 |
 NAM, Non-         Neighborhood     • US-India         • Indo-Pacific     • UN Security
 Alignment 2.0,   First Policy,     • Russia Matrix    • BRICS+, IBSA       Council Reforms
 Strategic         SAARC vs.        • China Enigma     • Global South     • WTO, Climate
 Autonomy          BIMSTEC          • European Ties      Leadership         Diplomacy

High-Yield Topics:

Drivers of Indian Foreign Policy: History, Geography, Culture, Nuclear Doctrine.
India and its Neighborhood: South Asia, Border Disputes, Connectivity initiatives.
Great Power Relations: USA, China, Russia, EU, Japan.
Global South engagements: Africa, Latin America, West Asia (Look West, I2U2).
India’s Negotiations in Multilateral Forums: WTO, UNFCCC, G20, BRICS, SCO.

Recommended Booklist & Resource Matrix

To build standard conceptual breadth, combine Dr. Rajesh Mishra’s class lectures and foundational textbooks. Cross-reference your syllabus with the official UPSC CSE Syllabus to track boundary conditions.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                              COMPREHENSIVE PSIR RESOURCE MATRIX                         |
+----------------------+---------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| Syllabus Section     | Core Base Material              | Advanced Reference Books       |
+----------------------+---------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| Paper 1: Part A      | • Saraswati IAS Class Notes     | • Western Thinkers: Brian      |
| (Theory & Thinkers)  |   (Rajesh Mishra Sir)           |   Nelson / O.P. Gauba          |
|                      | • Rajniti Siddhant (O.P. Gauba) | • Political Theory: Andrew     |
|                      | • Political Theory (Rajeev      |   Heywood                      |
|                      |   Bhargava)                     | • Indian Thinkers: V.R. Mehta  |
+----------------------+---------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| Paper 1: Part B      | • Saraswati IAS IGP Booklets    | • Oxford Companion to Indian   |
| (Indian Govt &       | • Bhartiya Rajvyavastha         |   Politics (Mehta & Jayal)     |
|  Politics)           |   (Rajesh Mishra / Laxmikanth)  | • Politics in India (Rajni     |
|                      | • Subhash Kashyap (Our Cons.)   |   Kothari / Atul Kohli)        |
+----------------------+---------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| Paper 2: Part A      | • Saraswati IAS Comp & IR Notes | • Global Politics (Andrew      |
| (Comparative & IR    | • Antarrashtriya Rajniti        |   Heywood)                     |
|  Theories)           |   (Khanna / Pant / Gauba)       | • Globalization of World       |
|                      |                                 |   Politics (Baylis & Smith)    |
+----------------------+---------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| Paper 2: Part B      | • Saraswati IAS Current Module  | • Does the Elephant Dance?     |
| (India & The World)  | • The Hindu / Indian Express    |   (David Malone)               |
|                      |   (Diplomatic Columns)          | • The India Way / Why Bharat   |
|                      | • MEA Official Briefings        |   Matters (S. Jaishankar)      |
+----------------------+---------------------------------+--------------------------------+

The Rajesh Mishra Model of Answer Writing

PSIR answer writing me plain facts likhne se average marks (200–220) aate hain. 300+ cross karne ke liye answers me academic density aur structural flow hona compulsory hai.

+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                  THE 4-STAGE PSIR ANSWER STRUCTURING FRAMEWORK             |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                            |
|  STAGE 1: THE PHILOSOPHICAL CONTEXT (15% of length)                       |
|  • Define core premise via fundamental theory or academic thinker          |
|  • Contextualize question's structural origin                              |
|                                                                            |
|  STAGE 2: DIALECTICAL ARGUMENTATION (40% of length)                        |
|  • Thesis presentation (Arguments in favor / primary dynamics)             |
|  • Scholar references (Rawls, Morgenthau, Kothari, Amartya Sen)           |
|                                                                            |
|  STAGE 3: COUNTER-THESIS & SCHOLARLY CRITIQUE (30% of length)             |
|  • Critical evaluation (Marxist, Feminist, Subaltern, Realist counters)    |
|  • Structural limitations / Real-world divergences                         |
|                                                                            |
|  STAGE 4: SYNTHESIS & APPLIED FUTURISTIC CONTEXT (15% of length)           |
|  • Forward-looking constitutional or diplomatic way forward                |
|  • Direct alignment with contemporary Indian/Global policy paradigm        |
|                                                                            |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Essential Elements of a 300+ PSIR Answer:

Direct Scholar Anchoring: Har theoretical answer me minimum 2–3 authentic scholars quote hone chahiye.
Contemporary Re-contextualization: Ancient ya Modern ideas ko aaj ke events se connect karein (e.g., Gramscian Hegemony applied to global Big Tech platforms, ya Machiavelli’s Realism applied to energy security policies).
Avoid Pure GS-2 Tonality: Sir hamesha warn karte hain ki PSIR answers me bullet points ki over-simplification mat karein; analytic paragraphs with well-reasoned logical connectors balance preserve karte hain.

Saraswati IAS Course Offerings & Mentorship Ecosystem

Saraswati IAS (Delhi) multiple program formats run karta hai:

Comprehensive PSIR Foundation Course: 4 to 5 months extensive coverage including complete Paper 1 & Paper 2 lectures, personal doubt clearing sessions, and comprehensive printed study material.
Mains Test Series with Personalized Mentorship: Timed, UPSC-standard simulation tests with direct evaluation, model answer frameworks, and structural feedback.
Crash Courses & Current Affairs Value Addition: Specially designed for students appearing in immediate Mains, focusing on dynamic geopolitical shifts, new publications, and theoretical applications.
Postal Study Materials & Distance Mentorship: Non-Delhi residents ke liye updated, self-contained classroom booklet sets with direct postal delivery.

For additional structural breakdowns of civil services educators, visit our educator profile directory.

Student Experiences, Strengths & Objective Considerations

+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                      STUDENT PERSPECTIVES & FEEDBACK                       |
+------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| Key Strengths (Pros)               | Considerations (To Plan Ahead)        |
+------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| • Exceptional command on Western   | • Fast lecture delivery requires      |
|   & Indian Political Thought       |   active daily revision.              |
| • Gold-standard material for       | • Highly conceptual discussions       |
|   Hindi medium UPSC aspirants.     |   demand pre-reading of basics.       |
| • Direct integration of classical  | • Current affairs modules in IR       |
|   theories with contemporary cases.|   demand continuous self-updating     |
| • Structured, reliable class notes |   through standard dailies.           |
|   that reduce extra reading.       |                                       |
+------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Who is Dr. Rajesh Mishra?

Dr. Rajesh Mishra ek renowned political scientist, author, aur senior UPSC CSE educator hain, jo Saraswati IAS (Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi) ke founder aur mentor hain. Inka primary specialization PSIR Optional aur GS Paper 2 hai.

2. Is Saraswati IAS good for PSIR Hindi Medium?

Haan. Hindi medium ke UPSC aspirants ke liye Saraswati IAS aur Rajesh Mishra Sir ke class notes and test series industry-wide standard maane jaate hain.

3. Does Rajesh Mishra Sir also teach in English medium?

Sir classroom lectures me bilingual/Hinglish communication use karte hain, jabki printed materials and dedicated test series Hindi aur English dono mediums me provide ki jaati hain.

4. What makes PSIR a popular optional subject in UPSC?

PSIR ka General Studies Paper 2 (100% overlap in Polity & IR), GS Paper 4 (Ethics Thinkers), aur Essay paper me major contribution hota hai. Iske alawa, ye Personality Test (Interview) stage me geopolitical awareness provide karta hai.

5. How many months are required to complete PSIR optional with Rajesh Mishra Sir?

Standard foundation batch complete hone me approximately 4.5 se 5 months ka time lagta hai, regular daily study aur answer practice ke sath.

6. Where is Saraswati IAS located?

Saraswati IAS Mukherjee Nagar, New Delhi me located hai, jo India me UPSC preparation ka premier hub hai.

7. How are Rajesh Mishra Sir’s notes structured for Paper 1 Section A?

Inke notes structured, thinker-wise order me prepared hote hain jisme thinkers ka historical context, core philosophies, key quotations, opposing critiques, aur contemporary relevance clearly laid out hota hai.

8. Can I clear PSIR optional by self-study using Rajesh Mishra Sir’s notes?

Haan, thousands of students Rajesh Mishra Sir ke printed class notes aur standard reference books (O.P. Gauba, Andrew Heywood, David Malone) ka use karke self-study ke through successful rahe hain. Test series likhna recommendations ka core part hai.

9. Which books are written by Dr. Rajesh Mishra?

Unhone Bhartiya Shashan Evam Rajniti, Rajniti Vigyan Kosh, aur civil services exams ke liye specialized PSIR reference books author ki hain jo Saraswati Prakashan dwara publish hoti hain.

10. How should an aspirant cover dynamic IR topics in PSIR Paper 2?

Static IR theories (Realism, Liberalism) ko Rajesh Mishra Sir ke notes se master karein, aur current diplomatic interactions ke liye The Indian Express / The Hindu ke expert columns aur Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) ke official updates track karein.

11. What is the average score of PSIR optional in UPSC Mains?

Ek well-prepared student with strong conceptual alignment and answer writing skills consistently 270 se 310+ marks score kar sakta hai.

12. Does Saraswati IAS offer online test series for PSIR?

Haan, Saraswati IAS online evaluation portal provide karta hai jahan pan-India distance students answer sheets upload karke evaluated feedback aur model answers access kar sakte hain.

13. How does Rajesh Mishra Sir approach Western Political Thought (WPT)?

Sir chronological aur evolutionary approach use karte hain—starting from Socrates and Plato, progressing to Modern Enlightenment thinkers, aur ending with Post-modern and Critical theorists.

14. What is the difference between GS-2 Polity and PSIR Paper 1 Part B?

GS-2 procedural, institutional, aur legal aspects par focused hota hai. PSIR Part B political sociology, caste dynamics, subaltern narratives, aur academic critique par emphasis deta hai.

15. How to integrate thinkers in PSIR Paper 2?

Jab bhi global security, climate talks, ya alliances ka discussion ho, classical aur neo-theorists jaise Kenneth Waltz, Robert Keohane, Joseph Nye, ya Alexander Wendt ko explicitly reference karein.

16. Are Rajesh Mishra Sir’s notes sufficient for Indian Political Thought?

Haan, inke notes Kautilya, Gandhi, Ambedkar, MN Roy, aur Aurobindo ko UPSC syllabus specifications ke mutabiq exhaustively cover karte hain.

17. How often does Saraswati IAS launch fresh PSIR batches?

Normally UPSC cycle ke anusaar saal me 3 se 4 regular batches launch hote hain (Post-Prelims aur Pre-Foundation sessions).

18. Does Saraswati IAS provide guidance for the UPSC Interview?

Haan, Mains clear karne wale students ke liye specialized mock interview panels, DAF-based international relations sessions, aur one-on-one mentorship organize ki jaati hai.

19. How should beginner aspirants start their PSIR preparation?

Beginners ko pehle basic NCERTs (Class 11 & 12 Political Science) complete karni chahiye, uske baad O.P. Gauba ke through conceptual familiarity build karke Rajesh Mishra Sir ke foundation classes start karni chahiye.

20. What is the fee structure for PSIR at Saraswati IAS?

Fee structure batch format (Offline classroom, Live-Online, ya Recorded module) aur test series inclusions ke basis par vary karta hai. Current exact details ke liye institute ke official desk se contact karna best rehta hai.

Preparation Roadmap

Dr. Rajesh Mishra Sir at Saraswati IAS represents structural clarity and academic discipline in UPSC PSIR optional preparation. Unka simplified yet academically rigorous pedagogy complex theoretical arguments ko high-scoring answers me convert karne ke actionable tools provide karta hai.

Agar aapka goal PSIR optional me 300+ score achieve karna hai, to theoretical thinkers ko daily life cases se connect karein, paper-wise answer architecture master karein, aur regular evaluated test series likhein.

Aspirants who build an integrated study routine combining classical political theory with real-time geopolitical dynamics will find in PSIR not just a scoring optional, but a foundational asset that powers their rank across Mains and the Interview stage.